Author: Rahul Gupta

Healthy lifestyle habits including regular exercise, healthy weight, adequate sleep and never smoking were associated with substantially lower infection rates among people with type 2 diabetes Following a healthy lifestyle may reduce the incidence of infections by approximately 44% among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), according to a prospective cohort study published in BMC Medicine. The findings suggest that healthier lifestyle patterns may be associated with lower risks of overall infections, pneumonia and sepsis in people with T2DM, a population already known to have increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Researchers also identified potential biological pathways linking healthier lifestyles…

Large Taiwan study finds no increased risk of autism, ADHD, intellectual disability, tic disorders or congenital malformations following paternal valproate exposure during sperm development Use of the antiseizure medication valproate by fathers during the three months before conception was not associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders or congenital malformations in their children, according to a large nationwide study published in Neurology. The study analyzed health data from more than 2.5 million children in Taiwan and found no increased risk of autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), tic disorders, intellectual disability, or congenital malformations among children whose fathers used…

In vitro study finds zirconia crown-abutment complexes remained intact after 1.2 million loading cycles, with no significant difference based on manufacturing method or restoration height Zirconia-based screw-retained implant restorations demonstrated high load-bearing capacity and durability following cyclic loading, with no significant difference between additive and subtractive manufacturing methods, according to a new in vitro study published in The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. The study evaluated zirconia crown-abutment complexes with different restoration heights and found that none of the specimens fractured during 1.2 million cycles of mechanical loading. During subsequent load-to-failure testing, the titanium-base abutments showed plastic deformation before crown fracture.…

Study finds previous removal of the tonsils and adenoids associated with 63% higher odds of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis and a two-fold increase in annualized relapse rate A history of adenotonsillectomy was associated with increased odds of developing pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) and a higher annualized relapse rate among children with the disease, according to a study published in the Multiple Sclerosis Journal. The researchers found that children with a previous history of adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy had 63% higher adjusted odds of POMS compared with pediatric controls. Among children already diagnosed with POMS who had longitudinal follow-up data, previous adenotonsillectomy was…

Study finds three or more preoperative ERCP procedures and multiple biliary stents are associated with a higher likelihood of laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy Previous endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) may be associated with greater operative difficulty during subsequent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), according to a recent study published in BMC Surgery. Researchers found that the likelihood of requiring laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) increased among patients who had undergone repeated ERCP procedures before surgery. Three or more preoperative ERCP interventions were particularly strongly associated with the need for subtotal cholecystectomy. The findings suggest that the cumulative burden of ERCP, including repeated procedures and multiple…

Large systematic review finds PM2.5 exposure associated with increased glaucoma and cataract risk, with the highest pollution exposure linked to up to 70% higher odds of glaucoma Long-term exposure to higher levels of air pollution may be associated with an increased risk of glaucoma and cataract, according to a large systematic review and meta-analysis presented at the 44th Congress of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS). The analysis included 41 observational studies involving millions of people, with data from East Asia and the United Kingdom. Researchers evaluated exposure to several major air pollutants, including fine particulate matter…

Study identifies 11 endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins in human joint tissues and suggests PDIA4 as a potential therapeutic target for synovitis Researchers have identified a potential cellular mechanism that may contribute to persistent inflammation in osteoarthritis and other rheumatic diseases. A study published in Cell Death & Differentiation has highlighted the role of proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in human joint tissues. The researchers focused on the synovial membrane, the tissue lining the inside of joints that plays a central role in inflammatory processes. Their findings suggest that ER stress-related proteins increase as joint inflammation progresses and are closely…

Study finds widespread silent entheseal abnormalities in chronic plaque psoriasis patients without clinical arthritis, with higher skin disease severity linked to greater entheseal damage High-resolution ultrasonography may help identify subclinical enthesopathy in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis before the appearance of clinically evident joint symptoms, according to a prospective study published in the Indian Journal of Dermatology in 2026. The study found that 85.7% of psoriasis patients without clinical arthritis had ultrasonographic evidence of subclinical enthesitis or enthesopathy. Researchers identified abnormalities across 929 entheseal sites, highlighting the potential role of musculoskeletal ultrasonography in detecting early joint involvement in psoriasis. Psoriasis is…

Study finds a decline of 2 g/dL or more in hemoglobin after starting oral anticoagulants may signal occult cancer, particularly gastrointestinal malignancies A significant decline in hemoglobin levels after starting oral anticoagulation may be associated with an increased risk of newly diagnosed cancer among patients with atrial fibrillation, even in the absence of clinically apparent bleeding, according to a recent study. Researchers found that patients experiencing a hemoglobin decline of 2 g/dL or more had a higher incidence of cancer compared with those who did not experience a significant decrease. The association was particularly pronounced for gastrointestinal cancers, suggesting that…

New guidance emphasizes regular anemia and iron deficiency screening, individualized treatment, careful use of iron therapy and ESAs, and avoiding excessive hemoglobin correction Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) has released updated clinical practice guidance for the management of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), more than a decade after its previous guideline. The 2026 update addresses anemia screening, iron deficiency, iron supplementation, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), and newer treatment options for CKD-associated anemia. Published in Kidney International in January 2026, the updated guidance combines recommendations based on systematic reviews with additional practice points derived from expert opinion. The guideline…