Pune: Maharashtra has reported its first suspected death due to Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), amidst a growing outbreak concentrated in Pune. The total number of cases has surged to 101, with 28 new infections reported on Sunday, according to the health department’s bulletin. The suspected death was recorded in Solapur, though details remain sparse.
Case Distribution and Severity
- Ventilator Support: 16 patients require ventilator support.
- Age Groups Affected:
- 19 cases in children below nine years.
- 23 cases in individuals aged 50–80 years.
The outbreak’s first case is believed to have been hospitalized on January 9 in Pune.
Potential Cause: Campylobacter jejuni
Tests have identified Campylobacter jejuni, a bacterium responsible for nearly one-third of global GBS cases, in biological samples from affected patients. Officials suspect contaminated water sources may have played a role:
- A well near Pune’s Khadakwasla Dam, the city’s main reservoir, was found to contain high E. coli levels. However, its usage status is unclear.
- Residents have been advised to boil water and thoroughly cook food before consumption.
Surveillance and Response
The health department has surveyed 25,578 households to identify new cases and investigate the outbreak’s cause. Surveillance efforts aim to trace the source of contamination in the community.
Understanding GBS
GBS is a rare neurological condition where the immune system attacks the peripheral nerves, often triggered by bacterial or viral infections. Symptoms include weakness, paralysis, or other nervous system impairments. While 80% of patients regain mobility within six months, recovery may take longer for some.
Treatment:
- The primary therapy involves Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG), which is costly.
- Cost: Each IVIG injection costs approximately ₹20,000, with a full course requiring up to 13 injections.
Hospitals and Government Response
The spike in cases was first flagged by three major hospitals in Pune, which reported an unusual increase in GBS admissions, from 26 cases on January 10 to 73 cases by January 19.
Maharashtra Deputy CM Ajit Pawar announced free treatment for GBS patients:
- Urban Areas:
- Pune Municipal Corporation: Kamla Nehru Hospital.
- Pimpri-Chinchwad: YCM Hospital.
- Rural Areas: Sassoon Hospital in Pune.
This measure aims to alleviate the financial burden of treatment for affected families.
Public Advisory
Authorities are urging residents to:
- Boil water before drinking.
- Maintain strict food hygiene.
- Seek immediate medical attention for symptoms such as muscle weakness or paralysis.
Further updates are expected as investigations continue.
